| Vocabulary Words | Meanings |
|---|---|
| sparkle | to give off bright flashes of light; to glitter. Snow sparkles in the sunlight |
| sparkler | a firework which gives off silver or coloured sparks when you light it |
| sparrow | a small brown and grey bird |
| speak | to say something |
| spear | a pole with a metal point on the end. It is used as a weapon |
| special | not like anything else; made for one use only |
| specimen | one of something; a sample |
| speck | a small spot or dirty mark; a tiny piece |
| speckled | marked with lots of small spots |
| spectacle | something interesting which makes people want to look at it |
| spectacles | another word for the glasses people wear to help them to see better |
| spectator | someone who looks on or watches others doing something |
| speech | the act of speaking. The same word also means a talk or lecture |
| speed | quickness, swiftness |
| spell | to put letters together in the right order to make up a certain word. The same word also means magic words which are supposed to make something happen |
| spend | to pay out money |
| spice | dried or powdered flavourings for food, usually tasting and smelling strongly |
| spider | a small animal with eight legs. It spins a web to catch insects |
| spike | a long sharp point. The same word also means an ear of grain or a tall cluster of flowers on a stem |
| spill | to let something, such as powder or liquid accidentally run out from a container |
| spin | to go round and round. The same word also means to make thread out of raw wool, cotton or flax |
| spindle | a thin rod on which thread is twisted in spinning |
| spine | the backbone of a person or animal. The same word also means a thorn, or one of the thin, stiff prickles growing on some animals, such as hedgehogs |
| spinster | an unmarried woman |
| spiral | something that winds upwards, going round and round in continuous curves |
| spire | the long pointed top of a church steeple |
| spirit | another word for soul; a ghost |
| spit | to throw out something from your mouth |
| spite | a wish to be cruel to someone or to hurt his feelings |
| spiteful | saying and doing cruel things to someone you do not like |
| splash | the noise of something heavy falling into liquid. The same word also means to throw liquid about |
| splashdown | the landing of a space capsule in the occean |
| splendid | wonderful; very rich and grand; very good |
| splendour | brilliancy, display, pomp, grandeur |
| splinter | a tiny thin piece of wood, glass or metal, which has broken off from a larger piece |
| split | to break or cut something from end to end |
| spoil | the damage something or make it of no use. The same word also means to give a child his own way too much |
| sponge | the soft, yellowish skeleton of a sea animal, which becomes much softer when it soaks up water. It is used for washing yourself. The same word also means a kind of soft cake |
| sponser | a surety or guarantor |
| spool | a reel on which you wind things like thread, ribbon, or film |
| spoon | a tool used in cooking and eating food |
| sport | a game, usually played outdoors. Football and cricket are sports |
| spot | a small mark |
| spout | a small tube or pipe through which liquid is poured, like the spout of a teapot |
| sprain | to twist a joint or muscle so badly that it swells |
| sprawl | to sit or lie in a relaxed position, with your arms and legs spread out |
| spray | to send out fine drops of liquid |
| spread | to cover a surface, like spreading butter on bread |
| spring | to move quickly and suddenly. The same word also means a piece of metal which can be pressed down but jumps back into position when you let it go. The same word also means the season after winter, when plants begin to grow |
| sprinkle | to scatter small drops of water or bits of something, like sugar or sawdust |
Modal auxiliaries Vs Primary auxiliaries
Primary auxiliaries are be, do, have. They are used to form tenses and to frame short answers.
Modal auxiliaries are will, would, may, might, shall, should, can, could, must, dare, need, used, ought. They are used to express moods.