| Vocabulary Words | Meanings |
|---|---|
| sprout | to begin to grow. The same word also means a green vegetable like a tiny cabbage. It full name is a brussels sprout |
| spur | an instrument with sharp point worn on horsemen’s heels, incitement, stimulus |
| spurt | to squirt out suddenly; a rush of liquid |
| spy | someone who secretly watches what other people are doing, especially during a war when he is paid to get information about the enemy |
| square | a rectangle whose four sides are equal in length |
| squash | to crush or squeeze something out of shape. The same word also means a bottled drink made of fruit, sugar and water |
| squeak | a small high sound. A mouse squeaks and so does a rusty door hinge |
| squeal | a long high piercing sound made by some animals |
| squeeze | to press hard; to crush; to hug |
| squirrel | a small red or grey animal with a long bushy tail |
| stab | to pierce or cut with a pointed weapon |
| stable | a building where horses are kept |
| stack | a large heap |
| stadium | an open-air sports ground with rows of seats all round |
| staff | a group of people working together, like people in an office, or teachers in a school. The same word also means a pole or stick carried in the hand |
| stage | a male deer |
| stage | the platform in a theatre or hall where people act, sing, or speak |
| stagger | to walk unsteadily, lurching and stumbling |
| stain | a dirty mark |
| staircase | a number of stairs, usually with a side-rail to keep you from falling |
| stairs | a set of steps in a building for waling up or down |
| stake | a strong pointed stick or post |
| stale | not fresh; dry and without much taste because of being kept too long |
| stalk | another word for stem. The same word also means to creep quietly after an animals that you are hunting |
| stall | a kind of table on which things for sale are shown at a market. The same word also means a place for one animal in a cattle shed or stable |
| stallion | a male horse |
| stammer | to repeat the beginning of a word several times before going on to stay the whole word; to speak in jerks and pauses |
| stamp | a little piece of coloured paper you stick on a letter or parcel, which pays for sending it by post. The same word also means to hit the floor hard with the sole of your foot |
| stand | to be on your feet; not sitting. The same word also means to hit the floor hard with the sole of your foot |
| standard | a flag. The same word also means a grade |
| staple | a principal commodity and emporium, an iron loop with two points |
| star | a tiny light which shines in the night sky. The same word also means someone who is famous and popular, like a film star |
| stare | to look at something or someone for a long time without looking away |
| starling | a wild bird with glossy, dark greenish purple feathers, speckled with white |
| start | to begin: to move suddenly |
| startle | to make a person or animal start with sudden fear or surprise |
| starvation | suffering or death caused by lack of food |
| starve | to be in great need of food; to die of hunger |
| statement | something said or told |
| station | the place where a train stops to let people on or off. The same word also means a building for policemen or firemen |
| stationary | not moving; standing still |
| stationery | writing paper and envelopes |
| statue | the figure of a person or animal which is carved from stone or wood. Sometimes statues are made of metal or some other material |
| status | social position, rank, condition, position of affairs |
| stay | to be in one place and not leave |
| steadily | in a steady, firm way |
| steady | standing firm; moving without jerking or shaking. The same word also means loyal and faithful |
| steak | a thick slice of meat or fish |
| steal | to take something which belongs to someone else |
| steam | the cloud-like gas that water turns into when it boils |
Modal auxiliaries Vs Primary auxiliaries
Primary auxiliaries are be, do, have. They are used to form tenses and to frame short answers.
Modal auxiliaries are will, would, may, might, shall, should, can, could, must, dare, need, used, ought. They are used to express moods.