Abbreviations For Important Components In A Sentence.
| Subject (S) | Verb (V) | Object (O) |
| Complement (C) | Adverbial (A) | Direct Object (DO) |
| Indirect Object (IO) |
There are basically five sentence patterns in English Grammar. They are
e.g.
| SV | Subject + Verb |
|---|---|
| SVO | Subject + Verb + Object |
| SVIODO | Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object |
| SVC | Subject + Verb + Complement |
| SVOC | Subject + Verb + Object + Complement |
This sentence follows the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure, which is a common syntactic order in English sentences:
| Subject | The subject is "I", which is the entity performing the action. |
|---|---|
| Verb | The verb is "finished", indicating the action performed by the subject. |
| Object | The object is "the work", which receives the action of finishing. |
Subject: "I" is the person or entity performing the action in the sentence. It's positioned at the beginning of the sentence, indicating who is performing the action.
Verb: "finished" is the action itself, describing what the subject (I) did. It follows the subject and shows the completion of an action.
Object: "the work" is the receiver of the action. It comes after the verb and answers the question "what" or "whom" the action was done to.
| Subject | "I" - The person or entity expressing the liking. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "like" - The action verb indicating the feeling of enjoyment or preference. |
| Object | "puppies" - The object of the liking, indicating what the subject likes. |
Subject: "I" - Refers to the person speaking or the entity expressing their preference.
Verb: "like" - Describes the action of enjoying or having a preference for something.
Object: "puppies" - The thing or entity that is liked or enjoyed by the subject.
In this structure, "I / like / puppies" conforms to the typical Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) sentence pattern where the subject (I) performs the action (like) on the object (puppies).
| Subject | "David" - The person who performed the action of scolding. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "scolded" - The action verb indicating the act of admonishing or reprimanding. |
| Object | "the boy" - The recipient of the scolding, indicating who received the action. |
Subject: "David" - This is the person who performed the action of scolding. In the sentence "David / scolded / the boy," David is the one doing the scolding.
Verb: "scolded" - This is the action verb that describes what David did. "Scolded" indicates the act of reprimanding someone.
Object: "the boy" - This is the entity that received the action of scolding. In this case, it specifies who David scolded.
| Subject | "We" - The group of people who performed the action of receiving. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "received" - The action verb indicating the receipt or acceptance of something. |
| Object | "the parcel" - The item that was received, indicating what was received. |
Subject: "We" - Refers to the group of people who performed the action. In this sentence, "we" is the subject who received the parcel.
Verb: "received" - This is the action verb that describes what "we" did. "Received" indicates the action of accepting or taking possession of something.
Object: "the parcel" - This is the item that was received. It specifies what "we" received in this context.
| Subject | "She" - The person who performs the action of singing. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "sings" - The action verb indicating the act of producing musical sounds with the voice. |
| Object | "a song" - The piece of music being sung, indicating what is being performed. |
Subject: "She" - Refers to the person who performs the action of singing. In this sentence, "she" is the one singing.
Verb: "sings" - This is the action verb that describes what "she" is doing. "Sings" indicates the act of producing musical sounds with the voice.
Object: "a song" - This is the object of the sentence, specifying what "she" is singing. It indicates the piece of music that is being performed.
| Subject | "They" - Refers to the group of people who performed the action. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "did" - The action verb indicating the completion or performance of an activity. |
| Object | "a lot of work" - Describes what was done by "they", indicating the task or effort expended. |
Subject: "They" - This refers to the group of people who are performing the action. In this sentence, "they" are the ones who did something.
Verb: "did" - This is the action verb indicating the completion or performance of an activity. "Did" in this context expresses the action performed by "they".
Object: "a lot of work" - This phrase describes what was done by "they". It specifies the task or effort that was completed or expended by the subject.
| Subject | "He" - The person who shares a physical or characteristic similarity. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "resembles" - The verb indicating similarity in appearance or traits. |
| Object | "her father" - The person to whom "he" bears resemblance. |
Subject: "He" - Refers to the person who shares a similarity with someone else. In this sentence, "he" is the one who resembles.
Verb: "resembles" - This verb indicates that "he" has a similarity in appearance or traits with someone else.
Object: "her father" - This specifies who "he" resembles, indicating the person (her father) with whom the resemblance exists.
| Subject | "Many students" - Refers to the group of people who observed the event. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "witnessed" - The action verb indicating the act of seeing or experiencing an event. |
| Object | "the play" - The event that was observed by the students. |
Subject: "Many students" - This refers to a group of people who performed the action of witnessing. In this sentence, "many students" are the ones who witnessed something.
Verb: "witnessed" - This action verb indicates the act of observing or experiencing an event firsthand.
Object: "the play" - This specifies what the students witnessed, indicating the event or performance that was observed by them.
| Subject | "The police" - Refers to the law enforcement officers who performed the action. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "arrested" - The action verb indicating the act of taking someone into custody for a crime. |
| Object | "the thief" - The person who was apprehended by the police. |
Subject: "The police" - This refers to the group of law enforcement officers who performed the action of arresting. In this sentence, "the police" are the ones who carried out the arrest.
Verb: "arrested" - This action verb indicates the act of taking someone into custody, typically for committing a crime.
Object: "the thief" - This specifies who was arrested by the police, indicating the person apprehended for their involvement in criminal activity.
| Subject | "I" - Refers to the person expressing a desire or wish. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "want" - The action verb indicating the desire or wish for something. |
| Object | "one of these books" - Specifies what "I" want, indicating the desired item. |
Subject: "I" - Refers to the person who is expressing a desire or wish. In this sentence, "I" is the one who wants something.
Verb: "want" - This action verb indicates the desire or wish for something. "Want" expresses the intention to possess or obtain something.
Object: "one of these books" - This specifies what "I" want. It indicates the particular item desired, in this case, one of the books that are being referred to.
| Subject | "I" - Refers to the person expressing the emotion. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "love" - The action verb indicating a strong affection or deep sentiment. |
| Object | "India" - Specifies the entity for which the affection is expressed. |
Subject: "I" - Refers to the person who is expressing the emotion. In this sentence, "I" is the one who loves.
Verb: "love" - This action verb indicates a strong affection or deep sentiment towards something or someone.
Object: "India" - Specifies what "I" loves. It indicates the country towards which the affection is directed.
| Subject | "Peter" - Refers to the person who achieved something. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "secured" - The action verb indicating the accomplishment of obtaining or achieving something. |
| Object | "admission" - Specifies what Peter secured, indicating the outcome of his effort. |
Subject: "Peter" - Refers to the person who achieved or obtained something. In this sentence, "Peter" is the one who secured something.
Verb: "secured" - This action verb indicates the accomplishment of obtaining or achieving something. "Secured" suggests that Peter successfully attained what he was aiming for.
Object: "admission" - Specifies what Peter secured. It indicates the specific outcome of his effort, which in this case is admission to a program, school, or institution.
| Subject | "A huntsman" - Refers to the person who performed the action of pursuing. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "pursued" - The action verb indicating the act of chasing or following with the intent to catch. |
| Object | "a wild animal" - Specifies what the huntsman pursued, indicating the target of the chase. |
Subject: "A huntsman" - Refers to the person who hunts or pursues. In this sentence, "a huntsman" is the one who performed the action.
Verb: "pursued" - This action verb indicates the act of chasing or following with the intent to catch or reach. It describes the activity undertaken by the huntsman.
Object: "a wild animal" - Specifies what the huntsman pursued. It indicates the target of the chase, in this case, a wild animal that was being hunted or pursued.
| Subject | "Many critics" - Refers to the group of people who performed the action of criticism. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "criticised" - The action verb indicating the act of expressing disapproval or judgment. |
| Object | "the play" - Specifies what was criticised, indicating the subject of the criticism. |
Subject: "Many critics" - Refers to a group of individuals who provide evaluations or assessments. In this sentence, "many critics" are the ones who performed the action of criticism.
Verb: "criticised" - This action verb indicates the act of expressing disapproval, judgment, or negative assessment about something.
Object: "the play" - Specifies what was criticised. It indicates the subject of the criticism, in this case, the play that was reviewed or evaluated by the critics.
| Subject | "My mother" - Refers to the person who is performing the action of teaching. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "is teaching" - The verb phrase indicating the ongoing action of instructing or educating. |
| Object | "French" - Specifies what is being taught, indicating the subject or language taught by the mother. |
Subject: "My mother" - Refers to the person who is performing the action of teaching. In this sentence, "my mother" is the one who is teaching.
Verb: "is teaching" - This verb phrase indicates the ongoing action of instructing or educating in the present continuous tense.
Object: "French" - Specifies what is being taught. It indicates the subject or language that the mother is teaching, in this case, French.
| Subject | "She" - Refers to the person being described. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "is" - The linking verb indicating a state of being or characteristic. |
| Complement | "intelligent" - Describes the quality or attribute attributed to the subject. |
Subject: "She" - Refers to the person who possesses the quality or attribute being described. In this sentence, "she" is the subject.
Verb: "is" - This is a linking verb that connects the subject ("she") with the complement ("intelligent"), indicating a state of being or characteristic.
Complement: "intelligent" - This is the adjective that describes the subject. It indicates the quality or attribute attributed to "she" in this context.
| S+V+A | ||
|---|---|---|
| He / came / to the party | ||
| They / came / suddenly | ||
| It / is going / away | ||
| The train / arrived / late | ||
| They / will come / later | ||
| It / rained / last night | ||
| She / worked / in a second-hand bookshop | ||
| They / went / to the market | ||
| He / reads / slowly | ||
| The noise / feded / away | ||
| S+V+C | ||
|---|---|---|
| They / are / players | ||
| Her father / is / a doctor | ||
| I / am / an Indian | ||
| The class / became / noisy | ||
| Her eyes / are / beautiful | ||
| Mother Teresa / is / India’s gift to the world | ||
| Our headmaster sideline / was / a lending library | ||
| The leaves / turn / yellow | ||
| Her dreams / have come / true | ||
| They / worked / hard | ||
| The tea / is getting / cold | ||
| It / was / a very pleasant talk | ||
| A+S+V | ||
|---|---|---|
| Soon / we / wake up | ||
| Nicely / he / replied | ||
| fondly / she / asked | ||
| Yesterday / I / came | ||
| Tomorrow / she / leaves | ||
| S+V+O+C | ||
|---|---|---|
| They / made / him / captain | ||
| They / named / him / Robert | ||
| They / elected / him / president | ||
| They / elected / him / speaker | ||
| They / made / him / the Mayor | ||
| They / made / David / Chairman of the Rotary club | ||
| The news / made / his name / popular | ||
| She / made / him / happy | ||
| She / learnt / music / last year | ||
| She / got / her shoes / wet | ||
| She / recognised / him / as a genius | ||
| He / panted / the wall / white | ||
| England / declared / me / a jew | ||
| He / made / his son / a doctor | ||
| S+V+IO+DO | ||
|---|---|---|
| We / wish / you / Happy new year | ||
| The principal / gave / him / the medal | ||
| He / gave / her / a watch | ||
| She / sold / him / her house | ||
| Paul / gave / his wife / a gift | ||
| The Headmaster / showed / her / the result | ||
| He / sent / us / some foreign stamps | ||
| The doctor / gave / her / medicine | ||
| Sarah / sent / Paul / a gift | ||
| She / offered / me / a firm hand shake | ||
| They / sold / him / pictures | ||
| S+V+O+C+A | ||
|---|---|---|
| She / made / her views / clear / at the outset | ||
| The company / appointed / him / clerck / last week | ||
| They / named / their baby / Sarah / in the church | ||
| They / took / the child, / unconscious / to the hospital | ||
| She / made / his intentions / clear / now | ||
| She / had made / his life / a success / long back | ||
| I / lost / my purse / with money / in the bus | ||
| The governor / has sworn / him / chief minister / yesterday | ||
| S+V+O+A | ||
|---|---|---|
| The boy / kicks / the ball / with force | ||
| She / made / a new dress / yesterday | ||
| The kidnapper / locked / the child / in a lonely house | ||
| He / threw / the chair / out | ||
| She / invited / the guests / to get in | ||
| They / played / the match / in broad daylight | ||
| The thieves / broke open / the lockers / in the bank | ||
| I / shall meet / you / at the railway station | ||
| You / will understand / the truth / one day | ||
| She / lost / her father / last week | ||
| She / shot / the tiger / at once | ||
| You / will understand / the truth / one day | ||
| He / wrote / a letter / from Paris | ||
| They / want / money / immediately | ||
| He / got / his shoes / wet | ||
| They / had / their lunch / in the late hours | ||
| He / felt / a hand / on his shoulder | ||
| S+V+O+A+A | ||
|---|---|---|
| I / met / Sarah / at the theatre / yesterday | ||
| He / practised / pistol shooting / in the firing range / in London | ||
| Everyone / relished / the dinner / in the hotel / yesterday | ||
| She / enjoyed / the music recital immensly / yesterday | ||
| They / pushed / the bus / from behind / to make it move | ||
| I / will close / the shop / early / today | ||
| The rider / brought / the news / typed / at night | ||
| He / left / the book / on the table / at once | ||
| S+V+C+A | ||
|---|---|---|
| The child / fell / asleep / soon | ||
| You / seem / tried / to day | ||
| It / is / dark / everywhere | ||
| She / became / wise / thereafter | ||
| They / reached / home / late | ||
| The train / left / the station / on time | ||
| She / got / well / soon | ||
| He / became / popular / at once | ||
| I / am / a programmer / in this company | ||
| She / acts / well / at all times | ||
| My father / is / an engineer / in India | ||
| He / got / well / slowly | ||
| I / am / the principal / here | ||
| Dr.David / is / famous / in his locality | ||
| David / is / a doctor / at Paris | ||
| She / was made / the Mayor / last week | ||
| Mr.Obama / was elected / the President / last month | ||
| A+S+V+O | ||
|---|---|---|
| Everyday / she / was / late | ||
| In broad daylight, / she / fell / unconscious | ||
| Often / Akbar / got / mad | ||
| This year / she / is / the captain | ||
| During day time / he / is / an honest man | ||
| A+S+V+IO+DO | ||
|---|---|---|
| Last night / She / gave / him / food | ||
| Last week / he / gave / his son / new shirts | ||
| Every day / she / teaches / them / science | ||
| Everywhere / people / gave / the President / a welcome | ||
| During lunch / I / served / him / ice-cream | ||
| A+S+V+O+C+A | ||
|---|---|---|
| In the end, / the judge / declared / the culprit / innocent, / after the trial | ||
| Yesterday / the man / murdered / a woman / in rags, / mercilessly | ||
| In ancient times / people / shot / deer / dead / in the forest | ||
| Last month / they / christened / the child, / John / in the Chruch | ||
| Next Sunday / we / will paint / the car / red / in the meeting | ||
| Every day / she / noticed / the poor, / half dead / in the street corners | ||
| A+A+S+V+C | ||
|---|---|---|
| In the prayer hall, / during whorship / they / are / silent | ||
| Every day, / in the hostel, / she / is / asleep | ||
| Next month, / in Bombay, / they / have / a meeting | ||
| Every week, / in her garden / she / is / at work | ||
| Last week, / in Paris, / she / worked / as a professor | ||
| V+O | ||
|---|---|---|
| Perdon / me. | ||
| Call / him. | ||
| Try / it. | ||
Defining relative clause
When a clause defines the noun it qualifies it is known as a defining relative clause.