This is formed by adding -d or -ed to the end of regular verbs. It is used with the helping verb, such as has, have, or had.
e.g.
| I have done the project work. (present perfect) |
| She had left the house before we came. (past perfect) |
| They will have done the project work by the next month. (future perfect) |
e.g.
| Trespassers will be punished. (passive voice in future tense) |
| He was given a prize. (past tense passive voice) |
| Using mobile phone in the campus is prohibited. (present passive voice) |
e.g.
| Driven by hunger, he made the mistake |
| Given a chance, I perfomed well on the stage |
e.g.
| I saw the broken houses in the slum area |
| He is from a good educated family |
| I found him dead |
| The cleaned car looks new |
The perfect participle is formed by ‘having + past participle‘
e.g.
| Having finished the work, the workers left the work-place |
| Having met my friend, I shared all my feelings |
Non-defining relative clause
Non-defining relative clauses are placed after nouns which are definite already.
The adjective clause which does not define the noun before it but gives additional information about the noun is called the non-defining relative clause.