Abbreviations For Important Components In A Sentence.
| Subject (S) | Verb (V) | Object (O) |
| Complement (C) | Adverbial (A) | Direct Object (DO) |
| Indirect Object (IO) |
There are basically five sentence patterns in English Grammar. They are
e.g.
| SV | Subject + Verb |
|---|---|
| SVO | Subject + Verb + Object |
| SVIODO | Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object |
| SVC | Subject + Verb + Complement |
| SVOC | Subject + Verb + Object + Complement |
This sentence follows the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure, which is a common syntactic order in English sentences:
| Subject | The subject is "I", which is the entity performing the action. |
|---|---|
| Verb | The verb is "finished", indicating the action performed by the subject. |
| Object | The object is "the work", which receives the action of finishing. |
Subject: "I" is the person or entity performing the action in the sentence. It's positioned at the beginning of the sentence, indicating who is performing the action.
Verb: "finished" is the action itself, describing what the subject (I) did. It follows the subject and shows the completion of an action.
Object: "the work" is the receiver of the action. It comes after the verb and answers the question "what" or "whom" the action was done to.
| Subject | "I" - The person or entity expressing the liking. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "like" - The action verb indicating the feeling of enjoyment or preference. |
| Object | "puppies" - The object of the liking, indicating what the subject likes. |
Subject: "I" - Refers to the person speaking or the entity expressing their preference.
Verb: "like" - Describes the action of enjoying or having a preference for something.
Object: "puppies" - The thing or entity that is liked or enjoyed by the subject.
In this structure, "I / like / puppies" conforms to the typical Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) sentence pattern where the subject (I) performs the action (like) on the object (puppies).
| Subject | "David" - The person who performed the action of scolding. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "scolded" - The action verb indicating the act of admonishing or reprimanding. |
| Object | "the boy" - The recipient of the scolding, indicating who received the action. |
Subject: "David" - This is the person who performed the action of scolding. In the sentence "David / scolded / the boy," David is the one doing the scolding.
Verb: "scolded" - This is the action verb that describes what David did. "Scolded" indicates the act of reprimanding someone.
Object: "the boy" - This is the entity that received the action of scolding. In this case, it specifies who David scolded.
| Subject | "We" - The group of people who performed the action of receiving. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "received" - The action verb indicating the receipt or acceptance of something. |
| Object | "the parcel" - The item that was received, indicating what was received. |
Subject: "We" - Refers to the group of people who performed the action. In this sentence, "we" is the subject who received the parcel.
Verb: "received" - This is the action verb that describes what "we" did. "Received" indicates the action of accepting or taking possession of something.
Object: "the parcel" - This is the item that was received. It specifies what "we" received in this context.
| Subject | "She" - The person who performs the action of singing. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "sings" - The action verb indicating the act of producing musical sounds with the voice. |
| Object | "a song" - The piece of music being sung, indicating what is being performed. |
Subject: "She" - Refers to the person who performs the action of singing. In this sentence, "she" is the one singing.
Verb: "sings" - This is the action verb that describes what "she" is doing. "Sings" indicates the act of producing musical sounds with the voice.
Object: "a song" - This is the object of the sentence, specifying what "she" is singing. It indicates the piece of music that is being performed.
| Subject | "They" - Refers to the group of people who performed the action. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "did" - The action verb indicating the completion or performance of an activity. |
| Object | "a lot of work" - Describes what was done by "they", indicating the task or effort expended. |
Subject: "They" - This refers to the group of people who are performing the action. In this sentence, "they" are the ones who did something.
Verb: "did" - This is the action verb indicating the completion or performance of an activity. "Did" in this context expresses the action performed by "they".
Object: "a lot of work" - This phrase describes what was done by "they". It specifies the task or effort that was completed or expended by the subject.
| Subject | "He" - The person who shares a physical or characteristic similarity. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "resembles" - The verb indicating similarity in appearance or traits. |
| Object | "her father" - The person to whom "he" bears resemblance. |
Subject: "He" - Refers to the person who shares a similarity with someone else. In this sentence, "he" is the one who resembles.
Verb: "resembles" - This verb indicates that "he" has a similarity in appearance or traits with someone else.
Object: "her father" - This specifies who "he" resembles, indicating the person (her father) with whom the resemblance exists.
| Subject | "Many students" - Refers to the group of people who observed the event. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "witnessed" - The action verb indicating the act of seeing or experiencing an event. |
| Object | "the play" - The event that was observed by the students. |
Subject: "Many students" - This refers to a group of people who performed the action of witnessing. In this sentence, "many students" are the ones who witnessed something.
Verb: "witnessed" - This action verb indicates the act of observing or experiencing an event firsthand.
Object: "the play" - This specifies what the students witnessed, indicating the event or performance that was observed by them.
| Subject | "The police" - Refers to the law enforcement officers who performed the action. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "arrested" - The action verb indicating the act of taking someone into custody for a crime. |
| Object | "the thief" - The person who was apprehended by the police. |
Subject: "The police" - This refers to the group of law enforcement officers who performed the action of arresting. In this sentence, "the police" are the ones who carried out the arrest.
Verb: "arrested" - This action verb indicates the act of taking someone into custody, typically for committing a crime.
Object: "the thief" - This specifies who was arrested by the police, indicating the person apprehended for their involvement in criminal activity.
| Subject | "I" - Refers to the person expressing a desire or wish. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "want" - The action verb indicating the desire or wish for something. |
| Object | "one of these books" - Specifies what "I" want, indicating the desired item. |
Subject: "I" - Refers to the person who is expressing a desire or wish. In this sentence, "I" is the one who wants something.
Verb: "want" - This action verb indicates the desire or wish for something. "Want" expresses the intention to possess or obtain something.
Object: "one of these books" - This specifies what "I" want. It indicates the particular item desired, in this case, one of the books that are being referred to.
| Subject | "I" - Refers to the person expressing the emotion. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "love" - The action verb indicating a strong affection or deep sentiment. |
| Object | "India" - Specifies the entity for which the affection is expressed. |
Subject: "I" - Refers to the person who is expressing the emotion. In this sentence, "I" is the one who loves.
Verb: "love" - This action verb indicates a strong affection or deep sentiment towards something or someone.
Object: "India" - Specifies what "I" loves. It indicates the country towards which the affection is directed.
| Subject | "Peter" - Refers to the person who achieved something. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "secured" - The action verb indicating the accomplishment of obtaining or achieving something. |
| Object | "admission" - Specifies what Peter secured, indicating the outcome of his effort. |
Subject: "Peter" - Refers to the person who achieved or obtained something. In this sentence, "Peter" is the one who secured something.
Verb: "secured" - This action verb indicates the accomplishment of obtaining or achieving something. "Secured" suggests that Peter successfully attained what he was aiming for.
Object: "admission" - Specifies what Peter secured. It indicates the specific outcome of his effort, which in this case is admission to a program, school, or institution.
| Subject | "A huntsman" - Refers to the person who performed the action of pursuing. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "pursued" - The action verb indicating the act of chasing or following with the intent to catch. |
| Object | "a wild animal" - Specifies what the huntsman pursued, indicating the target of the chase. |
Subject: "A huntsman" - Refers to the person who hunts or pursues. In this sentence, "a huntsman" is the one who performed the action.
Verb: "pursued" - This action verb indicates the act of chasing or following with the intent to catch or reach. It describes the activity undertaken by the huntsman.
Object: "a wild animal" - Specifies what the huntsman pursued. It indicates the target of the chase, in this case, a wild animal that was being hunted or pursued.
| Subject | "Many critics" - Refers to the group of people who performed the action of criticism. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "criticised" - The action verb indicating the act of expressing disapproval or judgment. |
| Object | "the play" - Specifies what was criticised, indicating the subject of the criticism. |
Subject: "Many critics" - Refers to a group of individuals who provide evaluations or assessments. In this sentence, "many critics" are the ones who performed the action of criticism.
Verb: "criticised" - This action verb indicates the act of expressing disapproval, judgment, or negative assessment about something.
Object: "the play" - Specifies what was criticised. It indicates the subject of the criticism, in this case, the play that was reviewed or evaluated by the critics.
| Subject | "My mother" - Refers to the person who is performing the action of teaching. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "is teaching" - The verb phrase indicating the ongoing action of instructing or educating. |
| Object | "French" - Specifies what is being taught, indicating the subject or language taught by the mother. |
Subject: "My mother" - Refers to the person who is performing the action of teaching. In this sentence, "my mother" is the one who is teaching.
Verb: "is teaching" - This verb phrase indicates the ongoing action of instructing or educating in the present continuous tense.
Object: "French" - Specifies what is being taught. It indicates the subject or language that the mother is teaching, in this case, French.
| Subject | "She" - Refers to the person being described. |
|---|---|
| Verb | "is" - The linking verb indicating a state of being or characteristic. |
| Complement | "intelligent" - Describes the quality or attribute attributed to the subject. |
Subject: "She" - Refers to the person who possesses the quality or attribute being described. In this sentence, "she" is the subject.
Verb: "is" - This is a linking verb that connects the subject ("she") with the complement ("intelligent"), indicating a state of being or characteristic.
Complement: "intelligent" - This is the adjective that describes the subject. It indicates the quality or attribute attributed to "she" in this context.
| S+V+A | ||
|---|---|---|
| He / came / to the party | ||
| They / came / suddenly | ||
| It / is going / away | ||
| The train / arrived / late | ||
| They / will come / later | ||
| It / rained / last night | ||
| She / worked / in a second-hand bookshop | ||
| They / went / to the market | ||
| He / reads / slowly | ||
| The noise / feded / away | ||
| S+V+C | ||
|---|---|---|
| They / are / players | ||
| Her father / is / a doctor | ||
| I / am / an Indian | ||
| The class / became / noisy | ||
| Her eyes / are / beautiful | ||
| Mother Teresa / is / India’s gift to the world | ||
| Our headmaster sideline / was / a lending library | ||
| The leaves / turn / yellow | ||
| Her dreams / have come / true | ||
| They / worked / hard | ||
| The tea / is getting / cold | ||
| It / was / a very pleasant talk | ||
| A+S+V | ||
|---|---|---|
| Soon / we / wake up | ||
| Nicely / he / replied | ||
| fondly / she / asked | ||
| Yesterday / I / came | ||
| Tomorrow / she / leaves | ||
| S+V+O+C | ||
|---|---|---|
| They / made / him / captain | ||
| They / named / him / Robert | ||
| They / elected / him / president | ||
| They / elected / him / speaker | ||
| They / made / him / the Mayor | ||
| They / made / David / Chairman of the Rotary club | ||
| The news / made / his name / popular | ||
| She / made / him / happy | ||
| She / learnt / music / last year | ||
| She / got / her shoes / wet | ||
| She / recognised / him / as a genius | ||
| He / panted / the wall / white | ||
| England / declared / me / a jew | ||
| He / made / his son / a doctor | ||
| S+V+IO+DO | ||
|---|---|---|
| We / wish / you / Happy new year | ||
| The principal / gave / him / the medal | ||
| He / gave / her / a watch | ||
| She / sold / him / her house | ||
| Paul / gave / his wife / a gift | ||
| The Headmaster / showed / her / the result | ||
| He / sent / us / some foreign stamps | ||
| The doctor / gave / her / medicine | ||
| Sarah / sent / Paul / a gift | ||
| She / offered / me / a firm hand shake | ||
| They / sold / him / pictures | ||
| S+V+O+C+A | ||
|---|---|---|
| She / made / her views / clear / at the outset | ||
| The company / appointed / him / clerck / last week | ||
| They / named / their baby / Sarah / in the church | ||
| They / took / the child, / unconscious / to the hospital | ||
| She / made / his intentions / clear / now | ||
| She / had made / his life / a success / long back | ||
| I / lost / my purse / with money / in the bus | ||
| The governor / has sworn / him / chief minister / yesterday | ||
| S+V+O+A | ||
|---|---|---|
| The boy / kicks / the ball / with force | ||
| She / made / a new dress / yesterday | ||
| The kidnapper / locked / the child / in a lonely house | ||
| He / threw / the chair / out | ||
| She / invited / the guests / to get in | ||
| They / played / the match / in broad daylight | ||
| The thieves / broke open / the lockers / in the bank | ||
| I / shall meet / you / at the railway station | ||
| You / will understand / the truth / one day | ||
| She / lost / her father / last week | ||
| She / shot / the tiger / at once | ||
| You / will understand / the truth / one day | ||
| He / wrote / a letter / from Paris | ||
| They / want / money / immediately | ||
| He / got / his shoes / wet | ||
| They / had / their lunch / in the late hours | ||
| He / felt / a hand / on his shoulder | ||
| S+V+O+A+A | ||
|---|---|---|
| I / met / Sarah / at the theatre / yesterday | ||
| He / practised / pistol shooting / in the firing range / in London | ||
| Everyone / relished / the dinner / in the hotel / yesterday | ||
| She / enjoyed / the music recital immensly / yesterday | ||
| They / pushed / the bus / from behind / to make it move | ||
| I / will close / the shop / early / today | ||
| The rider / brought / the news / typed / at night | ||
| He / left / the book / on the table / at once | ||
| S+V+C+A | ||
|---|---|---|
| The child / fell / asleep / soon | ||
| You / seem / tried / to day | ||
| It / is / dark / everywhere | ||
| She / became / wise / thereafter | ||
| They / reached / home / late | ||
| The train / left / the station / on time | ||
| She / got / well / soon | ||
| He / became / popular / at once | ||
| I / am / a programmer / in this company | ||
| She / acts / well / at all times | ||
| My father / is / an engineer / in India | ||
| He / got / well / slowly | ||
| I / am / the principal / here | ||
| Dr.David / is / famous / in his locality | ||
| David / is / a doctor / at Paris | ||
| She / was made / the Mayor / last week | ||
| Mr.Obama / was elected / the President / last month | ||
| A+S+V+O | ||
|---|---|---|
| Everyday / she / was / late | ||
| In broad daylight, / she / fell / unconscious | ||
| Often / Akbar / got / mad | ||
| This year / she / is / the captain | ||
| During day time / he / is / an honest man | ||
| A+S+V+IO+DO | ||
|---|---|---|
| Last night / She / gave / him / food | ||
| Last week / he / gave / his son / new shirts | ||
| Every day / she / teaches / them / science | ||
| Everywhere / people / gave / the President / a welcome | ||
| During lunch / I / served / him / ice-cream | ||
| A+S+V+O+C+A | ||
|---|---|---|
| In the end, / the judge / declared / the culprit / innocent, / after the trial | ||
| Yesterday / the man / murdered / a woman / in rags, / mercilessly | ||
| In ancient times / people / shot / deer / dead / in the forest | ||
| Last month / they / christened / the child, / John / in the Chruch | ||
| Next Sunday / we / will paint / the car / red / in the meeting | ||
| Every day / she / noticed / the poor, / half dead / in the street corners | ||
| A+A+S+V+C | ||
|---|---|---|
| In the prayer hall, / during whorship / they / are / silent | ||
| Every day, / in the hostel, / she / is / asleep | ||
| Next month, / in Bombay, / they / have / a meeting | ||
| Every week, / in her garden / she / is / at work | ||
| Last week, / in Paris, / she / worked / as a professor | ||
| V+O | ||
|---|---|---|
| Perdon / me. | ||
| Call / him. | ||
| Try / it. | ||
Modal auxiliaries Vs Primary auxiliaries
Primary auxiliaries are be, do, have. They are used to form tenses and to frame short answers.
Modal auxiliaries are will, would, may, might, shall, should, can, could, must, dare, need, used, ought. They are used to express moods.